Solve recurrence relations of the form T(n) = aT(n/b) + f(n)
The Master Theorem provides a solution to recurrence relations of the form:
If f(n) = O(n^(log_b(a) - ε)) for some ε > 0, then T(n) = Θ(n^(log_b(a)))
If f(n) = Θ(n^(log_b(a)) * log^k(n)) for some k ≥ 0, then T(n) = Θ(n^(log_b(a)) * log^(k+1)(n))
If f(n) = Ω(n^(log_b(a) + ε)) for some ε > 0, and af(n/b) ≤ cf(n) for some c < 1, then T(n) = Θ(f(n))